@article {214, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Scientific Publications in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {01-11}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {01}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the perception of pharmacists about scientific publications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted to explore the perception of pharmacists about scientific publications in Saudi Arabia. We used a selfreported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed it to interns to consultants, and pharmacy specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders, their perception of scientific publications, and barriers preventing them from participating in pharmacy scientific publications. In addition, we requested their suggestions on how to stimulate their interest in pharmacy publications. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed with the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software. Results: The average score for the perception of pharmacists about scientific publications was 3.74. The highest score (3.33) was obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist understands the pharmacy publication and pharmacy publications terminology.{\textquotedblright} The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}pharmacist believes that pharmacy publications are essential for the pharmacist{\textquotedblright} was (3.97). According to our results, the pharmacists are interested in working on a pharmacy publications project. The average score for the barriers that prevent pharmacists from participating in pharmacy scientific publication was (3.76). The high score for the element {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist believes that the daily activities prevent me from doing pharmacy publication as there is lack of interest and motivation{\textquotedblright} was 3.88. The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}pharmacist considers that pharmacy publications are essential for the pharmacist{\textquotedblright} was (3.85). The average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}suggestions to stimulate interest in pharmacy publications{\textquotedblright} was (3.40). The highest score was obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist believes that teaching undergraduate students about pharmacy publications should be an integral part of the practice{\textquotedblright} was (3.68). The score for {\textquotedblleft}creating awareness about pharmacy practice-based pharmacy publications and benefits to practice{\textquotedblright} was (3.58). The score for the single-test reliability analysis of McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω was (0.905), Cronbach{\textquoteright}s α was (0.908), Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2 was (0.923), Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 was (0.981), and greater lower bound was (0.993). Conclusion: The perception of pharmacists about scientific publication was found to be inadequate to fair. Therefore, removing the obstacles such as high workload and encouraging pharmacy staff to publish should improve the perception of performance publications in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Perception, Pharmacists, Publications Saudi Arabia, Scientific}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.1}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Juman saad Mohammad Alsaab and Razan Alshehri and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani} } @article {215, title = {The Practice of Scientific Publications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {26-36}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {26}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess the practice of scientific publications by pharmacists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, we aimed to assess the practice of scientific publications by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists from interns to consultants and specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information and information about the type of publications made by them, the selected elements used during scientific publications, and the social media platforms where they distribute your publication. We used a 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel software (version 16). Results: A total of 543 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-quarter were from the central region (5 (28.55\%)) followed by the eastern region (133 (24.49\%)), with statistically significant differences between regions (p=0.000). Females responded (321 (59.12\%)) more than males (222 (40.88\%)). Based on nationality, Saudi nationals (351 (64.64\%)) responded more than non-Saudi nationals (192 (35.36\%)), with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.000). The average score for type of journal for scientific publications was 3.99 with high scores obtained {\textquotedblleft}article in the international scientific journal{\textquotedblright} (4.26) and {\textquotedblleft}article in the local scientific journal{\textquotedblright} (4.22), with statistically significant difference between responses (p=0.000). The average score of pharmacist practice of unique elements during scientific publications was 3.81, with high scores obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}are your colleague{\textquoteright}s reviewers{\textquotedblright} (4.10) and {\textquotedblleft}spelling and grammar checker through special software{\textquotedblright} (3.95). The average score for the {\textquotedblleft}type of social media platforms to distribute your scientific publications{\textquotedblright} was 3.33, with high scores obtained for WhatsApp (3.73) and YouTube (3.56). The scores for the single-test reliability analysis of McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω was 0.939, Cronbach{\textquoteright}s α was 0.935, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2 was 0.942, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 was 0.976, and greater lower bound was 0.990. Conclusion: The practice of scientific publication by pharmacists was found to be fair in Saudi Arabia. An annual report about pharmacists involved in the scientific publication is suggested. We recommend improving the practice of scientific publications by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Pharmacist, Practice, Publications, Saudi Arabia, Scientific}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.4}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Juman saad Mohammad Alsaab and Razan Alshehri and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani} } @article {211, title = {Knowledge of Pharmacists about Scientific Publications in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {115-125}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {115}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess pharmacists{\textquoteright} knowledge about scientific publications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, we analyzed pharmacists{\textquoteright} knowledge about scientific publications in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists from interns to consultants and specialists. The survey collected demographic information of the responders and their knowledge of selected research paper elements in a scientific journal. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with closeended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software. Results: A total of 543 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-quarter of the participants responded from the central region (155 (28.55\%)), followed by the eastern region (133 (24.49\%)), with statistically significant differences between all regions (p=0.000). Females responded more (321 (59.12\%)) than that of males (222 (40.88\%)). The majority of the responders were Saudi nationals (351 (64.64\%)), followed by non-Saudi nationals (192 (35.36\%)), with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.000). The average score for knowledge of pharmacists about writing a section in the research article was 4.07, with high scores obtained for the elements {\textquotedblleft}knowledge of the abstract section{\textquotedblright} (4.51) and {\textquotedblleft}knowledge of the Introduction section{\textquotedblright} (4.47), with statistically significant between all responses (p=0.000). The average score for knowledge of pharmacists about various study designs in the manuscript was 3.36, with high scores obtained for the elementary knowledge of cohort study (3.59), case series (3.59), observational study, and Letters to the editor (3.49), with statistically significant differences between responses (p=0.000). The average score for knowledge of pharmacists about journal indexing database was (3.17), with high scores obtained for the elementary knowledge of the Google Scholar (3.78), PubMed (3.60), and Index Medicus (3.43). The scores for the reliability analysis of McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω was (0.843), Cronbach{\textquoteright}s α was (0.847), Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2 was (0.888), Gutmann{\textquoteright}s was λ6 (0.985), and Greater Lower Bound was (0.994). Conclusion: Pharmacists{\textquoteright} knowledge about writing research sections, study design, and journal indexing database for scientific publications in Saudi Arabia was varied. Therefore, we highly recommend improving pharmacists{\textquoteright} training and education during graduation to improve patients{\textquoteright} pharmaceutical care in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Knowledge, Pharmacist, Saudi Arabia., Scientific Publications}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.19}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Juman saad Mohammad Alsaab and Razan Alshehri and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani} } @article {157, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Administration and Management}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {1-6}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we explored the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia during 2017-2018 with an emphasis on the administration and management of pharmacy practice. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: the demographic information and the second part comprised a questionnaire with 51 questions divided into four domains. The domains were derived from the standards and guidelines provided by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS), the international standard of Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation, in addition to the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were the clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with closeand open-ended questions to obtain the responses. The questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at hospitals. In this study, we conducted a national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia on performances and activities. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey questionnaire was distributed to 31 hospitals. The average score of the elements related to the clinical pharmacy administration was 3.32 (66.31\%). Most of the elements responded were policies and procedures of pharmacist privilege (4.00 (80.00\%)) followed by the mission of clinical pharmacy (3.87 (77.40\%)) and vision of clinical pharmacy administration (3.71 (74.20\%)). Most of the clinical pharmacy services provided for adult, pediatric, neonate and geriatric patients was for critical care, medical services and for emergency. Most of the hospitals had no satellite services assistant the clinical pharmacy services (22 (70.97\%)). The majority of the responders agreed that clinical pharmacy services improve the safety and effectiveness of patient care (27 (93.10\%)), decreases morbidity and mortality rate (23 (79.31\%)) and increases the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s role toward patient care (20 (68.97\%)). Conclusion: The elements of clinical pharmacy administration were not adequate in the KSA. Most of the hospital services received the clinical pharmacy services not exceeding 50\%. Despite the fact that the pharmacy administration has a good record of clinical pharmacy services, there are not enough resources to provide over 24-hr service. Revision of clinical pharmacy services is highly necessary in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Administration, Clinical, Management, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.1}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {165, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Performances and Activities}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {44-49}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia from 2017- 2018 with an emphasis on performances and activities. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey regarding clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of two parts: The first part collected demographic information and the second part comprised a questionnaire with 51 questions divided into four domains. The questions were derived from the standards of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS) survey, the international standards of the Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation, in addition to the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were as follows: clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. The responses were obtained using a 5-point Likert response scale system with close- and open-ended questions. The survey questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at various hospitals in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we analyzed the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia with regard to performances and activities. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey questionnaire was distributed to 31 hospitals. Majority of the specifications of clinical pharmacy services provided were for concurrent and routine monitoring of drug therapy of the patients (17 (54.84\%)) and written medication history (16 (51.61\%)). Majority of the clinical services recorded was for answering drug information inquiries (74.19\%), error and adverse drug event reporting (70.97\%) and medication administration (70.97\%). Most of the pharmacy units had clinical pharmacy services for control and narcotics system (4.13 (82.60\%)), unit dose system (4.07 (81.40\%)) and adults emergency medication (3.45 (69\%)). Most of the hospital programs had clinical services existed for stewardship antimicrobial (64.52\%), medication safety (61.29\%) and medication reconciliation/history-taking (54.84\%). Most of the methods of clinical pharmacist prescribing privileges in relevant hospital programs was prescribing under physician supervision (66), followed by independent prescribing (49) and refill prescribing (20). Conclusion: The performances of clinical pharmacy services monitoring of drug therapy only; that is including medication misadventures monitoring and prevention through antibiotics, medication safetyrelated services. The clinical pharmacist had inadequate prescribing privilege under physician supervision. Targeting of upgrading the clinical pharmacy performances and privilege is higher recommended with New Saudi vision 2030 to improve patient clinical outcome and avoid any economic burden of the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Activities, Clinical, Performances, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.8}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {174, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Workload Documentation}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {85-90}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {85}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the workload documentation of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia during 2017-2018. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey regarding the workload documentation of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: The first part collected demographic information and the second part comprised a questionnaire with 51 questions divided into four domains. These domains were derived from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS) survey and the International Standard of Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation in addition to the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain the responses. The questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at hospitals. In this study, we conducted a national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia on workload analysis and documentation. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey was distributed to 31 hospitals and the total number of the patients who were followed up through clinical pharmacy services was 27.88 daily, 836.29 monthly, with 10.82 patients daily per hospital. The total number of prescriptions reviewed by the clinical pharmacist was 184.86 daily, 1294.05 monthly, with (68.77) patients daily per each hospital. Most of the documented clinical pharmacy services existed for medication errors (80.65\%), adverse drug reactions (77.42\%) and drug quality reporting (70.97\%). Most of the documentation of clinical impact and cost avoidance of clinical pharmacy services existed for drug information inquiries (61.29\%), medication errors (58.06\%) and adverse drug reactions (58.06\%). Most of the monthly workload analysis of clinical activities existed for the number of prescriptions (80.65\%), number of medication errors (70.97\%) and for adverse drug reactions (67.74\%). Conclusion: The documentation of workload of clinical pharmacy services is inadequate especially with respect to the clinical outcome and cost avoidance impact. Most of the clinical pharmacy activities were ordinary performances provided to few numbrer of patients. Improve the documentation of workload activities is highly recommended in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Clinical, Documentation, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia, Workload}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.16}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {175, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Education and Training}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {91-95}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {91}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia during 2017- 2018 with emphasis on the education and training available to the pharmacy staff. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey on clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of two parts: The first part collects demographic information and the second part comprises of 51 questions divided into four domains. The domains are derived from the American Society of Health- System Pharmacists (ASHP), Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS) survey, the international standard of Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation and from the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were the clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. We used a 5-point Likert response scale system with close- and open-ended questions to obtain responses. The questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at hospitals. In this study, we analyzed the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia with an emphasis on education and training. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey questionnaire distributed to 31 hospitals. The most qualified educational course available for the clinical pharmacy staff was on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (74.19\%) and on advance cardiac life support (ACLS) (36.67\%) and the least available educational course was advance trauma life support (ATLS) (10.71\%). Almost all educational courses were provided to the general clinical pharmacist (89) and clinical pharmacist supervisor (22). The majority of the educational courses provided to the healthcare professionals was on short educational course of 1{\textendash}5 days (85 (47.22\%)) followed by basic medication safety (60 (45.45\%)) and clinical pharmacy orientation 50 (41.67\%), whereas clinical pharmacists provided educational and training courses to healthcare providers mainly for general nurses (108) followed by resident physicians (66) and specialist physicians (53) periodically. Conclusion: The clinical pharmacy staff missed some primary educational and training courses. Less than half of the hospitals provided educational courses to healthcare care professionals. We highly recommend bilingual educational and training facilities for clinical pharmacy staff and healthcare professionals in the KSA.

}, keywords = {Clinical, Education, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia, Training}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.17}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {151, title = {Cost-efficiency of Clinical Pharmacy Services at Ministry of Health Hospital, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {S20-S22}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {S20}, abstract = {

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to estimate cost-efficiency of clinical pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia by using American model. Methods: This is a simulation study which includes data of all 5 months of providing clinical pharmacy services for adults organized by local drug information center at biggest public hospital in Riyadh city. Ten clinical pharmacists and expert trained pharmacists provided clinical pharmacy services at the hospital including drug information services, poisoning control services, therapeutic drug monitoring services, orthopedic services, oncology services, Pharmacoeconomical services and pain management services. All pharmacists should document the clinical pharmacy activities on a monthly basis. The estimated cost avoidance was calculated by using two International Studies Models, expressed in US dollars (USDs). The cost considered were the expected results of drug-related inquiries, poisoning information calls if not resolved and pharmacist intervention for all other clinical pharmacy services. Results: The total average estimated monthly cost avoidance from all clinical services (17,554,931.46 USD) with cumulative cost avoidance was 65,830,992.97 USD during the study period. The estimated total cost avoidance annually was 210,659,177.52 USD. The highest cost avoidance came from poisoning services, whose estimated cost avoidance was 61.8\% (9,110,026.40 USD) followed by drug information services, whose estimated cost avoidance was 26.8\% (4,711,273.50 USD) and other clinical pharmacy services, whose estimated cost avoidance was 11.4\% (2,006,444.63 USD). Each USD invested in the clinical pharmacist estimated cost avoidance was an average of 28.76 USD. Each USD invested in the clinical pharmacist provides poisoning control services estimated cost avoidance was an average of 17.77 USD and each USD invested in the clinical pharmacist provide drug information services estimated cost avoidance was an average of 7.7 USD. Conclusion: The clinical pharmacy services had a very high economic impact on the healthcare system in the local public hospital. In the future, we are targeting to expand the clinical pharmacy services to prevent drug-related cost in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Clinical pharmacy, Cost-efficiency, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.33}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Faiz A. Bahadig} } @article {126, title = {Medication therapy during the holy month of Ramadan}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {56-64}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {56}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the switching of oral drug therapy from regular days to the Ramadan days. Methods: We performed extensive search on 50 databases. Studies such as meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and observational studies published in English language with human participants during the month of May 2017 were included in this study. The search terms included {\textquotedblleft}Ramadan, fasting and medication,{\textquotedblright} {\textquotedblleft}Therapy and type of disease,{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}Medication based on therapeutics class.{\textquotedblright} The medication list used to switch the medications from regular days to Ramadan days. It was based on best literature found. The literature included the comparative safety and efficacy studies and cost of type of medication for each disease studies and national or international evidence-based guidelines of switching short half-life medications to long half-life. The medication list included drug name, general dosing and frequency of administration during regular and Ramadan days. All medications should be registered at the Ministry of Health (MOH) drug formulary or registered in the Saudi Food and Drug Authority. Results: A total of 710 were shortlisted based on the extensive search with specific terms. Of those, 104 were duplicate studies and therefore were omitted from further analysis. A total of 606 studies were unique and were further evaluated. Ninety-two studies discussed about medications related to diabetes mellitus and Ramadan; 27 studies discussed about the anti-psychiatric medications and Ramadan; 27 studies investigated gastrointestinal medications and Ramadan; 30 studies discussed about the various antibiotics and Ramadan; 30 studies discussed about the cardiovascular medications and Ramadan; 15 studies discussed about the medications for asthma and rheumatoid arthritis and Ramadan; and finally, 402 studies discussed about other diseases and Ramadan. There were no randomized controlled studies regarding switching of drug dosing from regular days to Ramadan days. The suggested draft about switching of 171 drug therapy from regular to the holy month of Ramadan designed and registration status in the MOH formulary and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on the best available literature from common illnesses including cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases and psychiatric illness. Conclusion: The literature of drug therapy during Ramadan is seldom found and there is no randomized clinical trial to validate the usage of medication during Ramadan. This is the review of medication used for common diseases infectious diseases, cardiovascular system, psychiatry and gastrointestinal system during the holy month of Ramadan with the first suggestion draft of switch drug therapy from regular days to Ramadan days.

}, keywords = {Medication, Ramadan, Therapy}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.10}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Aljohara Abdullah Adouh and Meshael Ibrahim Alghuraibi} }