@article {221, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Basic Hygiene for Pharmacy Staff}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {46-56}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {46}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study aims at declaring the Hand Hygiene (HH) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy and procedures as a new initiative for Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for the pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific topics related to infection control in pharmacy practice. The search period was from the 1960s to October 2021. The terms searched were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines. terms Policies and procedures for the last 10 years across all hospitals or community pharmacy services were included in the search terms. The research team of the pharmacy infection control consist of various expert members including clinical pharmacists, community pharmacists, and infection control specialists. One member drafted the policy. Some member reviewed the draft policy and corrected it. The other member, who is an infection control specialist, revised last draft. The topic emphasizes on the adoption and practices of the policies and procedures on hand hygiene (HH) and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the pharmacy infection prevention and control. Results: The hand hygiene and personal protective equipment policy of pharmacy infection prevention control consist of various items, including steps of hand hygiene and proper donning and doffing sequences of the PPE during pharmacy performances. Conclusion: The policies and procedures related to hand hygiene and personal protective equipment are the foundations of pharmacy infection control and control. Implementation and practices of HH and PPE aims at the prevention and control Healthcare wirh ephazaized on pharmacy staff related Infections, which in lieu, improve patient safety Therefore, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment policy is recommended for all pharmacy settings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Hand hygiene, Infection control, Personal protective equipment, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana and Ebtissam Mohammad Badawoud and Fahad Khurshid} } @article {229, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Education and Training}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {105-112}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {105}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the Education and Training policy of pharmacy infection control as a new initiative project in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. The literature search was done using databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search time was from the 1960s to October 2021. The topic was in English and included narrative review, meta-analysis, systemic review, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the national and international guidelines of general research in hospital practice. The pharmacy research committee formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy and procedures, and others reviewed and corrected them. The additional author, an infection control specialist, revised the final document. The study emphasizes the Pharmacy infection control policy of Research Education and Training. Results: The Pharmacy Infection control Education and Training policy consisted of various items, including program objectives, admission requirements, teaching and education methodology, and Pharmacy infection control Education and Training steps in pharmacy practice. The education and training contained five models. Namely hand hygiene and personal protective equipment, environment and workplace, employment immunization and occupational safety, pharmacy wastage and spill cleaning, pharmacoepidemiology with a pharmacy infection control surveillance, and pharmacy infection control quality management. Each model described Module description, Learning Objectives, Module Outlines, and Competency items. Conclusion: The pharmacy infection control policy of Research Education and Training is a new initiative for pharmacy career professionals. The Pharmacy infection control Education and Training pharmacy policy aims to improve infection control skills and encourage pharmacists{\textquoteright} compliance with infection control regulations in different places in the public and healthcare organizations. Therefore, education and training in pharmacy infection control policy are necessary for the pharmaceutical care services in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Education, Infection control, Pharmacy, Policy, Saudi Arabia, Training}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.14}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Bader Abdullah Alqannass and Eman Elsayed Younis and Rehab Ahmed Al Noaimi and Hamidah Qasim Ali Abushomi} } @article {222, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Environmental and Workplace Policy}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {57-68}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {57}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to illustrate pharmacy infection control environmental and workplace policy as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review. It relates to pharmacy infection Prevention and control. The following databases were searched for literature review-medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Topics were explored in line with the objectives of the study. The period of the search was from 1960 to October 2021. The search language was English. The literature search included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and related guidelines. The search also included policies related to hospitals as well as community pharmacy services. A research team was formed. It included clinical pharmacists, expert pharmacists, and infection control specialists. The policy was drafted by the some authors. The other pharmacists were vested with the responsibility of reviewing the draft. The infection control specialist reviewed issues related to the field of its specialty. The review highlighted pharmacy environmental Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and workplace policies and procedures. Results: The environmental and workplace policies of pharmacy infection control consisted of various items. For example, policies regarding the handling of carpet and furniture, clothes, water and solutions, air handling systems, sinks and toilet, and the kitchen. In addition to the maintenance of sterile and nonsterile compounding areas, the point of dispensing at ambulatory care services, drug distribution at inpatient pharmacy, and the types of disinfectants to be used, including their indications and safety. Conclusion: Environmental and workplace policies and procedures are new initiatives for Pharmacy Infection Prevention and Control (PIPC) in Saudi Arabia. Such initiatives would keep the preparation of medication and dispensing area clean and sterile by preventing the growth of any bacteria or any other microorganisms. The quality of safe drug dispensing and patient safety are being ensured too. Therefore, environmental and workplace policies are highly recommended for implementation in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Environment, Infection control, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, Workplace}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.8}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana and Nora Saeed Alsolami} } @article {224, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {77-83}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {77}, abstract = {

Objectives: Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance is an initiative that provides insights into pharmacy infection control. It involves various guidelines and policies that must be followed to ensure the pharmacy environment and workplace are secured from infections. Different approaches have been considered for the measures to be effective. Documentation of pharmacy practices in every area of the pharmacy department is vital in controlling the pharmacy infections. This study aimed to explore the pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy in pharmacy practice as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a narrative review of pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance pharmacy practice. Litterateur searched. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search period was from the 1960s until October 2021. The terms were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, metaanalysis, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the national and international guidelines of were searched that relates to the study objectives. The committee of pharmacy research formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy guidelines, and others reviewed and corrected them. The additional author, an infection control specialist, revised the final document. The study emphasizes the pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance of the Pharmacy infection control policy. Results: The Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy consisted of pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance steps in pharmacy practice. The pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance contained multiple performances: infected prepared medications, type of bugs, and sensitivity patterns to medications. In addition to the number of spillage cleaning and needle-stick injuries, the number of cross-tarnsmission of infections. Besides, the search also included adherence to infection control guidelines. Conclusion: Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy is a new pharmacy infection prevention and control initiative. The pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy enhances the infection control documentation system. Additionally, it encourages pharmacists to follow infection prevention and control regulations in various locations throughout the public and healthcare systems. Therefore, pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policies strongly recommend Saudi Arabian pharmacy pratices.

}, keywords = {Control, Infection, Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacy, Surveillance}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.10}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Nahed Rashid Alyami and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana} } @article {225, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Quality Perspective}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {84-91}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {84}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study aimed to declare the total quality management of infection control policy in pharmacy practice as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. The literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search period was from the 1960s until October 2021. The terms were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. The national and international guidelines in hospital practice guide pharmacy infection control activities. The committee of pharmacy research formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy guidelines, and the others author reviewed and corrected them. An infection control specialist revised the final document. The study emphasizes the quality management of pharmacy infection control policies and procedures. Results: The quality management of the pharmacy infection control policy consisted of various items, including quality management steps in pharmacy infection control. The quality management of pharmacy infection control policy contained five models, namely, patient care, research skills, communication, professionalism, and continuous professional development. Each model has various activities, key performance indicators, and optimal targets per indicator. Conclusion: The quality management of pharmacy infection control policy is a new initiative aimed at improving the quality of care provided. The quality management of infection control policy is aimed to improve the efficiency of infection control in pharmaceutical care services at various locations in the public and healthcare organizations. Therefore, the quality management of infection control policy is highly recommended for pharmacy career professionals worldwide.

}, keywords = {Infection control, Pharmacy, Policy, Quality management, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.11}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana} } @article {223, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Staff Immunization and Occupational Infections}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {69-76}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study aimed to declare pharmacy infection control concerning the staff immunization and occupational infections policy as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. The literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific topics related to infection control in pharmacy practice. The search period was from the 1960s to October 2021. The terms searched were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines. The terms {\textquotedblright}Policies{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}Procedures{\textquotedblright} were limited to the last 10 years across all hospitals, and community pharmacy services were included in the search terms. The committee of pharmacy infection control consisted of various expert members, including clinical pharmacists, community pharmacists, and infection control specialists. The first members drafted the policy. The second members reviewed the draft policy and corrected it. Finally, the third members, an infection control specialist, revised the draft. The topic emphasizes staff immunization policies and procedures and occupational safety for pharmacy infection control. Results: The staff immunization and occupational safety policy of pharmacy infection control consisted of various items, and it included instructions for adult{\textquoteright}s vaccines for pharmacy staff and interns, the adult{\textquoteright}s vaccines needed for a particular condition, immunization for occupational infections, and work restriction for infected pharmacy personal. Conclusion: The policies and procedures related to staff immunization and occupational safety are new initiatives in pharmacy practice. It is an active measurement for preventing various infectious diseases among pharmacy personnel. Therefore, staff immunization and safety related to occupational infections policy is the foundation of pharmacy human resources in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Immunization, Infection control, Occupational infections, Occupational safety, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, Staff}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.9}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Randa Jaroudi and Maha Hussein Almadany and Elaf Mohamaf Faraj and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana} } @article {227, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Wastages and Spill Cleaning}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {92-98}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {92}, abstract = {

Objective: In this study, we aimed to illustrate pharmacy infection control wastages and spill cleaning policy as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This narrative review of pharmacy infection control emphasizes wastages and spill cleaning. A literature search was done using various databases containing PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. About specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search time was from the 1960s to October 2021. The topic was English, including narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines across hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the national and international guidelines of general research in hospital practice. The committee of pharmacy research formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. The first author drafted the policy guidelines, and the second author reviewed and corrected them. The third author, an infection control specialist, revised the final document. The study emphasizes policy and procedures related to wastage and spill cleaning for pharmacy infection control. Results: The wastages and spill cleaning policy of pharmacy infection control consisted of various items, including the types of pharmacy wastages (biohazard wastages, non-biohazard wastages, sharp material), steps in the management of pharmacy wastages, spill kit contents, and cleaning of spill material. Conclusion: The policy and procedures of wastages and spill cleaning are new initiative procedures aimed at pharmacy infection control. In pharmacy settings, it is part of the biohazard and safety foundation. As such, waste management and spill clean-up policies are critical in pharmaceutical care services to improve safe disposal.

}, keywords = {Infection control, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, spill cleaning, Wastages}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Abdulrahman Nabeel Yousif and Abdulrahman Nabeel Yousif Sharaf and Eman Mohamed Hasan Alaali and Maha Hussein Almadany and Hamidah Qasim Ali Abushomi} } @article {228, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Worker{\textquoteright}s Competency}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {99-104}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {99}, abstract = {

Objective: In this study, we aimed to declare the competency of the Infection control policy in pharmacy practice as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search period was from the 1960s until October 2021. The terms were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the National and international guidelines of general research in hospital and pharmacy practice guide the current review. The committee of pharmacy infection control formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and clinical infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy and procedures, and the other member reviewed and corrected them. The third revision was by the infection control specialist. The study emphasizes the competency of Pharmacy infection control policies and procedures. Results: The Pharmacy infection control policy covered a variety of topics. It has included steps toward competency in pharmacy practice. Five models were included in the competency of pharmacy infection control policy. For example, patient care, infection control abilities, communication, professionalism, and ongoing professional development are required. In addition, each model included information about education and training, assessment types, and scores on competency assessments. The infection control competency test is administered to pharmacy staff annually. Conclusion: Pharmacy infection control policy competency is a new initiative and an integral part of pharmacy practice. The infection control policy competency requires pharmacists to continuously improve their skills in infection control practice and prevent pharmacy product-related infection in various settings within public and private healthcare institutions. As a result, the pharmacy infection control competencies policy is highly recommended for pharmaceutical care services worldwide.

}, keywords = {Competency, Infection control, Pharmacy, Policy, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.13}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany, and Musleh Samil Reshidi and Hussain Mohammed Ibrahim Aareji and Hamidah Qasim Ali Abushomi} } @article {220, title = {Policy and Procedures for Infection Control in Pharmacy Services; New initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {44-45}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Various pharmacy practice and pharmacy administration programs were offered by pharmacy leaders in previous years.1-3 Besides, pharmacy services have been expanded in recent years through a new model of the new Saudi Vision 2030.3-11 Pharmacy infection control was one of the critical programs.12-13 Infection control services are one of the most important healthcare programs.14-18 It prevents the spread and transmission of infection to patients and healthcarerelated products and procedures. It protects patients from infection-related problems.14-18 Various infection-related issues have arisen in pharmacy practice.19-30 That has happened with pharmaceutical products. That happened while the parenteral medications were being prepared. The infectious products infiltrated the patients, infecting them and causing morbidity and mortality. 19-30 That has occurred due to infection-related injury is not a healthy practice in pharmacy. Thus, numerous international pharmacy guidelines emphasize infection prevention and control during medication preparation through the use of infection control tools.31-33 Personal protective equipment and hand hygiene were also included. Apart from that, pharmacy practice requires the use of hand sanitizers and disinfectants.31-33 Additionally, pharmacy waste is a source of infection, as are their procedures for dealing with it.31-33 Utilizing these tools in specific locations throughout pharmacy departments was insufficient to address all possible causes of infection-related problems. It requires a pharmacy environment and workplace, vaccination and occupational safety of pharmacy staff, and infection control surveillance in pharmacy services. Apart from that, antibiotic prescription Pharmacoepidemiology and antibiotic resistance in bacteria.14-18 These are a series of articles about the new infection control initiative in pharmacy practice, which encompasses all previous issues on infection prevention and control, infection prevention and control of pharmacist competency, and pharmacy infection control quality management. These articles were written as policies and procedures to facilitate pharmacists{\textquoteright} implementation of pharmaceutical care services.

}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.6}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef} }