@article {190, title = {Analysis of Practice of Drug Information Resources by Dentists in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {28-34}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Aim: This study{\textquoteright}s objective was to analyze dentists{\textquoteright} practice of drug information resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional study about the dentists{\textquoteright} practice of drug information resources in Saudi Arabia. It is a self-reported and electronic survey of dentists. We included dentists from interns to consultants and from all specialties in dentistry and located in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts. The first part collected demographic information. The second part collected data about the type of drug information inquiries, aspects of dental drug information resources, and the dental drug information resources and types of dental drug information resources used in practice are responsible. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses to the survey questions. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed through the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16). Results: The average number of dental information resources was 0.84 per patient daily. The most commonly referred resource in relation to the dental drug information was biweekly (94 (36.43\%)), monthly (92 (35.66\%)) followed by weekly (35 (13.58\%)) newsletter in addition to those published a few times per year (18 (6.98\%)). The most frequently searched question was about the adverse reaction (190 (73.36\%)) and drug availability (144 (55.60\%)), whereas the majority of the dental prescriptions was related to the oral ulcer (83 (32.05\%)) and sedation medications (74 (28.57\%)). The average score for the item {\textquotedblleft}implemented items for dental drug information resources{\textquotedblright} was 1.78. The highest score was obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}an annual plan of dental drug information resources{\textquotedblright} (1.88). In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for {\textquotedblleft}dental drug information resources dentist{\textquoteright}s competency{\textquotedblright} (1.7), with statistically significant differences between all responses (p\<0.001). The highest scores of dental drug information resources (to authorities) the responsibility was a clinical pharmacist (4.65) and pharmacy technicians (4.34). In contrast, the lowest score was dentists (2.19), with statistical signification among all answers in each aspect (p\<0.001). Conclusion: Despite the demand for resources to resolve drug-related dental care problems, the resources were seldom utilized. Targeting education and training of dental information resources is required to improve dental patient care in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Analysis, Dentist, Drug Information, Practice, Resources, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.6}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anwar Mouslim Alshammari and Juman saad Mohammad Alsaab} } @article {196, title = {Dental Drug Information Tertiary Resources: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {44-52}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Objectives: The textbook of dental drug information resources is a prime reference to dental knowledge. The dental knowledge valuation is appropriate for dental care. The contemporary topic of declaring the updated information about dental medications textbooks. Methods: It is a literature review of drug information resources and tertiary resources in dental practice. Searching of PubMed/Medline dated from the 1960s to 2021s. It entailed of all types of research design including market analysis, SWOT analysis, quality management of the project, and management of any risks. The selected drug information resources list was done through resources name, medications coverage, types of publications, either manual or online or mobile applications, frequency of updating, and the publisher. Results: The total number of nominated dental tertiary drug information was more than twenty. The tertiary resources are articulated as regular textbooks or online and mobile applications. Some resources were only about dental drug information. They were a potted or in-depth information including some of the resources about disease management with importance on the specialties. Recently, there is a collection of drug information textbooks through a website. This includes choice of selection textbookbased of updated information, method of publications online and applications and cost-related issues. Conclusion: Dental drug information resources textbook was vital in the dental care. The collection of textbooks with more than one method of publication online and mobile application are highly endorsed in dental practice.

}, keywords = {Dental, Drug, Resources, Saudi Arabia, Tertiary}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.9}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Arub Abdullah Batil Albatil and Amnah Abdulaziz Al Shams and Sukinah Abdulaziz Mohammed Alshams} } @article {197, title = {Dental Drug Information Websites Resources: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {53-60}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {53}, abstract = {

Objectives: All healthcare professionals necessity to improve and update their medical and pharmaceutical knowledge, including dentists. There are numerous types of dental medications, including drug information website resources. The current review is to reconnoiter references websites of medications in the dental care. Methods: It is a literature review of a drug information website for dentists. Probing was done in PubMed and Medline about this field. The search encompassed all study designs but was not limited to the observation study, clinical trial, meta-analysis and systemic, and review articles. The current topic debated the market assessment demand, team and cost management of the project, quality and risk management of the project. It was rationalized on selected dental drug websites designed with medications coverage, frequency updated, and responsible publisher. Results: More than 13 drug information websites for dental practice had been intended. The websites consisted of free governmental or healthcare organizations websites highlighting international medications regulation or local drug regulatory affairs with mobile applications format. Free non-governmental drug information website entailed of drug therapy as part of disease management and other medication patient education websites. All websites of dental drug information resources should be measured undergraduate and postgraduate dental practitioners. Conclusion: Dental drug information resources website is real-world and more accessible than other resources. Therefore, implementation of the current project is highly recommended for dental colleges and healthcare organizations.

}, keywords = {Dental, Drug, Information, Resources, Saudi Arabia, Websites}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.10}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Arub Abdullah Batil Albatil} } @article {188, title = {Dentist{\textquoteright}s Knowledge of Essential Drug Information Resources in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {17-22}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {17}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the knowledge of dentists regarding drug information resources in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional study exploring the knowledge of dentists about drug information resources in Saudi Arabia. This is a self-reported electronic survey of dentists. The questionnaire contained two parts. The first section collected demographic data of the responders. In contrast, the second section collected information about dentists{\textquoteright} essential knowledge about dental drug information resources, knowledge of the selected 12 dental drug information books, and their preferred 17 websites containing dental drug information resources. We used 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses to the close-ended questions. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and were analyzed using SPSS and Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Results: A total of 260 dentists responded to the survey. Of them, 153 (59.30\%) were male, and 105 (40.7\%) were female, which was statistically significant (p\<0.003). The majority of the responders (257 (98.85\%)) were in 24{\textendash}35 years. Almost half of the responders were interns (135 (51.92\%)) followed by residents (63 (24.23\%)) and as General Practitioner with (62 (23.85\%)), which was statistically significant (p\<0.001). The average score of dentist knowledge about dental drug information resources was 1.80, and the highest score was recorded for knowledge of the concept of dental drug information resources. The average dental knowledge score of dental drug information resources was 1.80, which was statistically significant (p\<0.5). The majority of the responders (80.70\%) were not familiar with dental drug information books. In contrast, the best resources known by the responders were Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (55 (21.24\%)) and ADA Dental Drug Handbook (54 (20.77\%)). The majority of the responders (74.30\%) were not familiar with the websites related to dental drug information resources. In comparison, the most frequently used resources by the responders were the World Health Organization (WHO) (137 (52.69\%)) and Ministry of Health websites (137 (52.69\%)). Conclusion: The responders had insufficient knowledge about the available dental drug information resources, including books and websites. Targeting to improve dentist knowledge of dental drug information resources is required in Saudi Arabia through dental schools, and pharmacists play a critical role in dental education.

}, keywords = {Dentist, Drug Information, Knowledge, Resources, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.4}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anwar Mouslim Alshammari and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani} } @article {189, title = {Dentist{\textquoteright}s Knowledge of Evidence-based Dentistry and Digital Applications Resources in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {23-27}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {23}, abstract = {

Objectives: Drug information resources provide clinicians with safer use of medications and play a vital role in improving drug safety. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become essential to medical practice; however, EBM is still an emerging dentistry concept. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore dentists{\textquoteright} knowledge about evidence-based dentistry resources in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional study conducted to analyze dentists{\textquoteright} knowledge about evidencebased dentistry resources in Saudi Arabia. We included dentists from interns to consultants and those across all dentistry specialties and located in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information and knowledge of resources on dental drugs. The knowledge of evidence-based dental care and knowledge of dental drug information applications. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Moreover, various reliability tests had been done with the study. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Results: A total of 260 dentists responded to the survey. Of them, 51\% were interns, 85\% as dental staff with three years or less experience by 88.46\%. The results showed that most responders (56.76\%) did not know that the Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) database is a part of the drug information resource. Their institution does not establish it. Almost half of the responders (48.23\%) were not familiar with the digital application of dental drug information resources. The average knowledge of dentists regarding EBD drug information resources was 48\%. Furthermore, the majority of the resources that the dentists frequently accessed were MEDLINE/PubMed (77.69\%), American College of Physicians (www. acponline.org/ clinical information/ guidelines/) (73 (28.08\%), and Guideline.gov (www.guideline.gov) (71 (27.31\%). Conclusion: There was inadequate knowledge of evidence-based dentistry of drug information resources in Saudi Arabia. Implementation of these findings is vital for optimizing patient outcomes, improving clinical practice, and patient care.

}, keywords = {Dentist, Digital Application, Evidence-based Dentistry, Knowledge, Resources, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.5}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anwar Mouslim Alshammari and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani} } @article {198, title = {Evidence-based Drug Dentistry Resource: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {66-74}, type = {Review Articles}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Objectives: Evidence-based dentistry is a existing practice in the dental care. Evidence-based dental medications play a grave part in this field. The reconnoiter of evidence-based dental drug information resources is swotted in this topic. Methods: It is a chronicle review of evidence-based dentistry of drug information resources. The literature had been examined through PubMed and Medline from the 1960s to 2021s. All types of literature encompassed. If not existed, the textbook of drug information will be designed. The project is defined through market analysis and SWOT tools. The team and cost management will be deliberated. Quality management and risk factors will be involved in the project. The list of evidence-based dentistry discovers literature coverage, frequency of updating, type of publications online or applications, and responsible publisher. Results: There are more than twenty evidence-based dentistry drug information resources were nominated. There are numerous types of resources, including free-of-charge evidence-based. It contained of collecting the primary literature and evidence-based dental guidelines. Some resources had a collection of meta-analysis and systemic review literature with a paid subscription. Other comprehensive collection of journal publications includes from the USA and European journals. Additional drug information resources through a comprehensive search engine of all evidence-based dental drug information resources. The choice of evidence-based dentistry is based on numerous factors debated in the topic. Conclusion: Evidence-based dentistry with an emphasis on drug information resources connected issues is a present part of dental practice. Therefore, the implementation of the project is mandatory at the healthcare organizations in the dental care.

}, keywords = {Dentistry, Drug, Evidence-based, Resources, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Arub Abdullah Batil Albatil} } @article {191, title = {Perception of Dentists about Drug Information Resources in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {35-39}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {35}, abstract = {

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that overprescription of antibiotics and other drugs is still existing in dentistry. Fortunately, dental drug information resources can be used to help dentists choose the proper medication. In this study, we aimed to study dentists{\textquoteright} perceptions of dentists concerning the use of dental drug information resources in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month descriptive cross-sectional study. This self-reported electronic survey included dentists from all specialties of dentistry in Saudi Arabia. All nondentists and students were excluded from this study. The survey collected demographic information, dentists{\textquoteright} perceptions about dental drug information resources, and the barriers preventing them from implementing dental drug information resources. The survey was distributed through social media, and the data were validated and revised by expert reviewers and pilot testing. The reliability was assessed based on Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha value. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using SPSS and JASP software. Results: A total of 260 dentists responded to this survey, with 28.85\% responding from the north and 24.62\% responding from the central region. Of them, 59.30\% were male, and 40.7\% were female responders. The majority of the dentists (98.85\%) were in 24{\textendash}35 years. Almost 51.92\% of the dentists were interns, followed by residents (24.23\%) and general practitioners (23.85\%). The score of dentists{\textquoteright} perceptions of dental drug information resources was (3.6); the highest for the element {\textquotedblleft}acknowledging that drug information resources can prevent medication errors and lead to positive outcomes.{\textquotedblright} The lowest score was recorded for the aspect (2.33) {\textquotedblleft}dental drug information resources are new for the dentist,{\textquotedblright} and they change the dentist{\textquoteright}s initial prescribing habits. The average score for the perception of barriers to implementing dental drug information resources was (3.5); the pharmacists were not aware of their responsibility, and dental drug information resources were not appropriately taught in dental school. Conclusion: Dentists need to be encouraged to learn about drugs. Dental schools should implement medication-focused courses to help students better understand the drug information resources. Further studies are warranted to measure the knowledge of undergraduate students of dentistry regarding the practice of dental drug information resources.

}, keywords = {Dentists, Drug Information, Perception, Resources, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anwar Mouslim Alshammari and Khaznah Saad Alshammari} } @article {161, title = {Reliability and Validity of EBM Resources of Pharmacy Research Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {25-32}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {25}, abstract = {

Objectives: To declare reliability and validity of EBM Resources Knowledge used for Pharmacy Research Survey in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-section survey developed by the authors and the researcher team. It{\textquoteright}s based on the updated literature, national and international accreditation standards organizations. The internal consistency reliability through, inter-rater reliability, item-item coloration, item-total coloration, split half reliability (Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6) and McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha. The validity contained of face content validity, construct validity through exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. All analysis had been done through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Statistical Package of Social Sciences-Analysis of Moment Structures (SPSS-Amos) and Jeffrey{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Results: A total of 209 pharmacists responded. The majority of responders were Saudi 185 (88.52\%). The responders were males 108 (61.77\%) and females 101 (48.33\%). The three tests had been done with reliability of 16 questions. The completed number of responders (200) (mean {\textpm} SD) was 3.179 {\textpm} 0.436, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were 0.967, 0.966 and 0.976, respectively, inter-item coloration was 0.719, the item-total coloration \>0.7, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 value if deleted was \>0.97. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of sampling adequacy was 0.941 and Bartlett{\textquoteright}s test of sphericity with approximate chi-square was \<0.001. The commonalities extraction for all questions were \>0.58, the related components were one of the rotated component matrix \>0.59 of all 16 questions in component 1 as suggested. They were established by confirmatory with statistically significant (p\<0.001) of the factor model, by factor analysis, by scree plot, pathway analysis and fit with the original survey. The confirmatory factor index was 0.862, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) was 0.841, Goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.906 and Expected cross validation index (ECVI) was 3.270. The collinearity of 16 questions was the auto-correlation was 0.066 with not statically significant (p=0.317). The majority of 16 questions had Enjuone value close to number 1, while 3 questions only had condition index more than 30. All of the 16 questions had The Variance inflation factor (VIF) less than 10 and had tolerance more than 0.1. Conclusion: The pharmacist survey knowledge of evidence-based medicine resources for pharmacy practice and distributed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had high reliability and validity scale level. The pharmacy researcher can utilized surveys with an adequate number of sample sizes with further research in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {EBM, Knowledge, Pharmacy, Reliability, Research, Resources, Saudi Arabia, Validity}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.5}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ebtissam Mohammad Badawoud} }