@article {176, title = {Reliability and Validity of Biostatical Analysis used for Pharmacy Research Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {96-104}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {96}, abstract = {

Objectives: To declare reliability and validity of Biostatical Analysis used for Pharmacy Research Survey in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-section survey developed by the authors and the research team. It{\textquoteright}s based on the updated literature, national and international accreditation standards organizations. The Internal consistency, reliability through inter-rater reliability, item-item coloration, item-total coloration, Split half reliability (Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6) and McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha. The validity contained of face content validity, construct validity through exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. All analysis had been done through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Statistical Package of Social Sciences-Analysis of Moment Structures (SPSS-Amos) and Jeffrey{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Results: A total of 209 pharmacists responded. The majority of responders were Saudi 185 (88.52\%). The among responders were males [108 (61.77\%)] and females [101 (48.33\%)]. The three tests had been done with reliability of 31 questions. The completed responders (185) (mean {\textpm} SD) was 3.236 {\textpm} 0.326 and McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were 0.980, 0.980 and 0.990, respectively with CI 95\% (0.975-0.983) and inter-item coloration was 0.607, while the item-total coloration \>0.53 and McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 value if deleted was \>0.97. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of sampling adequacy was 0.966 and Bartlett{\textquoteright}s test of sphericity with approximate chi-square was \<0.001. The commonalities extraction for all questions was \>0.57, the related components were four of all 31 questions in four components as suggested. They were not confirmed by confirmatory with statistically significant (p\<0.001) of the factor model, by factor analysis, by scree plot and pathway analysis and fit not with the original survey changed to 3 factor loading. The confirmatory factor index was (0.761), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) was (0.737), Goodness of fit index (GFI) was (0.844) and expected cross validation index (ECVI) (9.029). The collinearity of 23 questions was autocorrelation (2.609e -5) with not statistically significant (p=0.951). The majority of 23 question had Enjuone value close to number 1, while 11 questions had condition index more than 30. All of the 23 questions had The Variance inflation factor (VIF) less than 10 except four questions and had tolerance more than 0.1 except four questions. Conclusion: The reliability and validity related to the corrected survey of biostatistics analysts used in pharmaceutical research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were high. The pharmacy practice was properly used in further future research in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Biostatical Analysis, Knowledge, Pharmacy, Reliability, Research, Saudi Arabia, Survey, Validity}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.18}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ismail Hassan Amer Abu Rayah} } @article {169, title = {Reliability and Validity of Pharmacy Research Knowledge Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {66-75}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Objectives: To declare reliability and validity of pharmacy research knowledge survey in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-section survey developed by the authors and the researcher team. It{\textquoteright}s based on the updated literature and national and international accreditation standards organizations. The internal consistency reliability through, inter-rater reliability, item-item coloration, item-total coloration, split half reliability (Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6), McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω and Cronbach alpha. The validity contained of face content validity, construct validity through exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. All analysis had been done through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Statistical Package of Social Sciences-Analysis of Moment Structures (SPSS-Amos) and Jeffrey{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). Results: A total of 209 pharmacists responded. The majority of responders were Saudi 185 (88.52\%). The among responders were males 108 (61.77\%) and females 101 (48.33\%). The three tests had been done with reliability of 21 questions. The completed number of responders (188) (mean{\textpm}SD) was 3.179 {\textpm} 0.436 and McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were 0.983, 0.983 and 0.988, respectively with CI 95\% (0.979-0.986) and the item-total coloration \>0.7, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 value if deleted was \>0.98. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was (0.966) and Bartlett{\textquoteright}s test of sphericity with approximate chi-square was \<0.001. The commonalities extraction for all questions were \>0.583, the related components were one with the rotated component matrix \>0.763 of all 21 questions in component 1 as suggested. They were established by confirmatory with statistically significant (p\<0.001) of the factor model, by factor analysis, by scree plot, pathway analysis and fit with the original survey. The confirmatory factor index was 0.878, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) was 0.865, Goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.862 and Expected cross validation index (ECVI) 5.101. The collinearity of 21 questions was the auto-correlation was 0.010 with not statically significant (p=0.816). The majority of 21 question had Enjuone value had close to number 1, while 12 questions only had condition index more than 30. All 16 of the questions had the Variance inflation factor (VIF) less than 10 and had tolerance more than 0.1. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the pharmacy research knowledge survey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were high. The researcher can use it in the future with the same goal and acceptable sample size.

}, keywords = {Knowledge, Pharmacy, Reliability, Research, Saudi Arabia, Survey, Validity}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Adel Sadeq} } @article {162, title = {Reliability and Validity of Pharmacy Research Proposal Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {33-40}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {33}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore reliability and validity of pharmacy research proposal survey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-section survey developed by the authors and the researcher team. It{\textquoteright}s based on the updated literature, national and international accreditation standards organizations. The internal consistency reliability through, inter-rater reliability, item-item coloration, item-total coloration, split half reliability (Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6), McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω and Cronbach alpha. The validity consisted of face content validity, construct validity through exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. All analysis had been done through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Statistical Package of Social Sciences-Analysis of Moment Structures (SPSS-Amos) and Jeffrey{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) Results: A total of 209 pharmacists responded. The majority of responders were Saudi 185 (88.52\%). The among responders were males 108 (61.77\%) and females 101 (48.33\%). The three tests had been done of reliability of 17 questions of responders (204). The tests mean{\textpm}SD was 3.788 {\textpm} 0.163, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were 0.975, 0.975 and 0.987, respectively and inter-item coloration was 0.705. The item-total coloration \>0.7, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 value if deleted was \>0.97. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.954 and Bartlett{\textquoteright}s test of sphericity with approximate chi-square was \<0.001. The commonalities extraction for all questions was \>0.7, the related components were two with the rotated component matrix \>0.7 of all 17 questions in components 1 and 2 as suggested. They were confirmed by confirmatory with statistically significant (p\<0.001) of the factor model, by factor analysis, by scree plot, pathway analysis and fit with the original survey. The confirmatory factor index was 0.871, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) was 0.853, Goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.912, Expected cross validation index (ECVI) was 4.299. The collinearity of 17 questions was auto-correlation was 0.058 with not statically significant (p=0.403). The majority of 17 questions had Enjuone value had close to number 1, while 7 questions only had condition index less than 30. Most of questions had the Variance inflation factor (VIF) less than 10 except 4 questions, while only 4 questions had tolerance less than 0.1. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of a survey about knowledge of pharmacy proposals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were high. The pharmacist in pharmacy research practice can utilize the survey in the future.

}, keywords = {Pharmacy, Proposal, Reliability, Research, Saudi Arabia, Survey, Validity}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.6}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Adel Sadeq} }