@article {45, title = {Exploring the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic effects of yoga}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {2}, year = {2016}, month = {Nov 2015}, pages = {6-10}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {6}, abstract = {

Yoga is a spiritual technique incorporating a wide variety of practices whose goal is the development of a state of mental and physical health, well-being, inner harmony and ultimately to achieve a state of oneness with the universe. Yoga can modify the disease state and give a way to live healthy. Many of systemic disorder associated with stress and regular yoga practice may improve adaptive autonomic response to stress. Yoga can be used as supportive or complementary therapy in conjunction with medical therapy for the treatment of any systemic disorder. The recent studies showed beneficial effect of yoga on the management/ treatment of diabetes, blood pressure, arthrosclerosis and etc. The main objective of this review is to summarize the pharmacological aspects, medical benefits and health benefits of the yoga.

}, keywords = {GABA, Meditation, Mental health, Yoga.}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2016.1.2}, author = {Subramani Parasuraman and Lim Ee Wen and Khor Ming Zhen and Chin Kean Hean and Aaseer Thamby Sam} } @article {49, title = {Newly Developed and Validated Method of Montelukast Sodium Estimation in Tablet Dosage Form by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Reverse Phase - High Performance Liquid Chromatography}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {2}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {27-30}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {27}, abstract = {

Objective: Simple high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) methods were newly developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Montelukast (ML) in pharmaceutical dosage form. Material and Methods: HPLC was carried out by reverse phase-HPLC technique on a C18 column with a good mobile phase consist of 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile [(pH 5.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid (25:75, v/v)]. UV method was developed with the wavelength at 280 nm. Two methods showed good linearity, reproducibility and precision. Both the methods (UV and HPLC) showed no spectral or chromatographic interferences from the tablet excipients. Results: The developed methods were successfully applied to dosage forms. Validation parameters were carried out such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity. The HPLC LOD and LOQ for montelukast were found to be 150 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml. The UV LOD and LOQ for montelukast were found to be 1 μg/ml and 5 μg/ ml. Both the results were statistically differentiated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The developed and validated economical methods could be applicable for analysis of ML and monitoring of the quality of available drugs.

}, keywords = {Estimation, HPLC, Montelukast, Tablets, UV, Validation}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2016.2.2}, author = {Selvadurai Muralidharan and Low Jia Qi and Lai Ting Yi and Narvinder Kaur and Subramani Parasuraman and Jayaraja Kumar and Vijayan Venugopal and Palanimuthu Vasanth Raj} } @article {58, title = {Assessment of Pharmaceutical Care Services Provided by a Community Pharmacy in Kedah, Malaysia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {1}, year = {2015}, month = {6th May, 2015}, pages = {73-80}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {73}, abstract = {

Objectives: To assess the pharmaceutical care services provided by the pharmacists in a community pharmacy in Kedah. Method: Prospective analysis of pharmaceutical care services provided by a community pharmacy in Kedah, by means of customized questionnaires given to the customers. Convenience sampling technique was used. Descriptive analysis was used to compute the data collected. Results: Out of a total of 508 respondents, 251 (49.41\%) of the patients responded that they always go to the community pharmacy; 377 (74.21\%) stated that the pharmacist discuss their health issues with them. 297 (58.46\%) respondents stated that the pharmacists spent around 5 to 9 minutes per customer. 189 (37\%) of respondents indicated that the pharmacist or pharmacist{\textquoteright}s assistant did not explain to them how to take their medication correctly, while 358 (70.47\%) of respondents stated that the pharmacist did not find out if the patient understand the instructions given. Regarding the responsibility that the pharmacist assumes for patient drug therapy 155 (30.15\%) of respondents answered {\textquotedblleft}Yes{\textquotedblright} and 353 (69.49\%) stated {\textquotedblleft}No{\textquotedblright}. 489 (96.26\%) of the respondents agreed the pharmacists show readiness to listen and answer their questions as well as use simple language while counselling. 314 (61.81\%) stated that the counselling services provided by pharmacist is useful with regard to the medication(s) and the disease condition. 264 (51.97\%) were satisfied and stated that the overall rating of pharmaceutical care services in the pharmacy was good. Conclusion: Community pharmacists must discuss health issues with their patients, spend sufficient amount of time with each patient at each visit. Counselling services are a vital part of pharmaceutical care services. The pharmacist and/or their assistants must explain to the patients how to take their medication correctly. Assessing the patients{\textquoteright} comprehension with regard to the medication(s) is another mandatory role of the community pharmacist. In this study, majority of the respondents 264 (51.97\%) felt that the pharmaceutical care services provided overall by the community pharmacy was good, though improvements could be made with regard to understanding the patients{\textquoteright} comprehension levels.

}, keywords = {Community Pharmacist, Counselling services, General Level Framework, Patients satisfaction, Pharmaceutical care services, Seven-star pharmacist.}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.1.2.7}, author = {Aaseer Thamby Sam and Thenmoli Hanbrasi a/p Jothy and Subramani Parasuraman} } @article {76, title = {Retro-orbital sample collection in Rats - a video article}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {1}, year = {2015}, month = {15th May 2015}, pages = {37-40}, type = {Methods}, chapter = {37}, abstract = {

Rats are the most commonly used laboratory animals for wide range of scientific research. Collection of biological fluids (such as blood, gastric fluid, breast milk and urine) is one of the important step in experiments. In many experiments, blood samples are collected for analysis of biochemical parameters and genetic profile. Blood samples are commonly collected through the tail vein, retro-orbital sinus and cardiac puncture. Retro-orbital sinus is commonly employed for collecting large volume of blood (200 μL to 1 mL) and it is employed in terminal procedures too. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the general principles of blood sample collection and the method used for orbital sinus blood sample collection.

}, keywords = {Biological fluids, Blood, Orbital sinus, Rats, Retro-orbital.}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.1.2.1}, author = {Subramani Parasuraman and Khor Ming Zhen and Ramasamy Raveendran} } @article {80, title = {The unveiling of Pharmacology, toxicology and Biomedical Reports (PTB Reports)}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {1}, year = {2015}, month = {09th Mar, 2015}, pages = {1}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Dear Professionals colleagues, Scientist and fellow researcher,

It{\textquoteright}s my pleasure to introduce the first issue of {\textquoteleft}Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports{\textquoteright} (Pharmacol Toxicol Biomed Rep/ PTB reports) - an official journal of SciBioMed.org.

PTB reports is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal that publishes research articles, review articles, clinical case reports and recent trends in experimental and clinical pharmacology; toxicology and Biomedicine. PTB reports cover research areas pertinent to clinical pharmacokinetics, biochemical pharmacology, clinical biochemistry, molecular biology, analytical toxicology, psychopharmacology, neuropharmacology, cardiovascular and renal pharmacology, and other systemic pharmacology. The official website is http:// www.ptbreports.org and Web-based manuscript submission system is available at http://emanuscript.in/submissions/index.php/ptbreports/ login.\ Read more. . .\ 

}, keywords = {Nil}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.1.1.1}, author = {Subramani Parasuraman} }