@article {174, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Workload Documentation}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {85-90}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {85}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the workload documentation of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia during 2017-2018. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey regarding the workload documentation of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: The first part collected demographic information and the second part comprised a questionnaire with 51 questions divided into four domains. These domains were derived from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS) survey and the International Standard of Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation in addition to the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain the responses. The questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at hospitals. In this study, we conducted a national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia on workload analysis and documentation. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey was distributed to 31 hospitals and the total number of the patients who were followed up through clinical pharmacy services was 27.88 daily, 836.29 monthly, with 10.82 patients daily per hospital. The total number of prescriptions reviewed by the clinical pharmacist was 184.86 daily, 1294.05 monthly, with (68.77) patients daily per each hospital. Most of the documented clinical pharmacy services existed for medication errors (80.65\%), adverse drug reactions (77.42\%) and drug quality reporting (70.97\%). Most of the documentation of clinical impact and cost avoidance of clinical pharmacy services existed for drug information inquiries (61.29\%), medication errors (58.06\%) and adverse drug reactions (58.06\%). Most of the monthly workload analysis of clinical activities existed for the number of prescriptions (80.65\%), number of medication errors (70.97\%) and for adverse drug reactions (67.74\%). Conclusion: The documentation of workload of clinical pharmacy services is inadequate especially with respect to the clinical outcome and cost avoidance impact. Most of the clinical pharmacy activities were ordinary performances provided to few numbrer of patients. Improve the documentation of workload activities is highly recommended in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Clinical, Documentation, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia, Workload}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.16}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {175, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Education and Training}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {91-95}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {91}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia during 2017- 2018 with emphasis on the education and training available to the pharmacy staff. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey on clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of two parts: The first part collects demographic information and the second part comprises of 51 questions divided into four domains. The domains are derived from the American Society of Health- System Pharmacists (ASHP), Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS) survey, the international standard of Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation and from the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were the clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. We used a 5-point Likert response scale system with close- and open-ended questions to obtain responses. The questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at hospitals. In this study, we analyzed the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia with an emphasis on education and training. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey questionnaire distributed to 31 hospitals. The most qualified educational course available for the clinical pharmacy staff was on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (74.19\%) and on advance cardiac life support (ACLS) (36.67\%) and the least available educational course was advance trauma life support (ATLS) (10.71\%). Almost all educational courses were provided to the general clinical pharmacist (89) and clinical pharmacist supervisor (22). The majority of the educational courses provided to the healthcare professionals was on short educational course of 1{\textendash}5 days (85 (47.22\%)) followed by basic medication safety (60 (45.45\%)) and clinical pharmacy orientation 50 (41.67\%), whereas clinical pharmacists provided educational and training courses to healthcare providers mainly for general nurses (108) followed by resident physicians (66) and specialist physicians (53) periodically. Conclusion: The clinical pharmacy staff missed some primary educational and training courses. Less than half of the hospitals provided educational courses to healthcare care professionals. We highly recommend bilingual educational and training facilities for clinical pharmacy staff and healthcare professionals in the KSA.

}, keywords = {Clinical, Education, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia, Training}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.17}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {157, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Administration and Management}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {1-6}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we explored the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia during 2017-2018 with an emphasis on the administration and management of pharmacy practice. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: the demographic information and the second part comprised a questionnaire with 51 questions divided into four domains. The domains were derived from the standards and guidelines provided by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS), the international standard of Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation, in addition to the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were the clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with closeand open-ended questions to obtain the responses. The questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at hospitals. In this study, we conducted a national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia on performances and activities. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey questionnaire was distributed to 31 hospitals. The average score of the elements related to the clinical pharmacy administration was 3.32 (66.31\%). Most of the elements responded were policies and procedures of pharmacist privilege (4.00 (80.00\%)) followed by the mission of clinical pharmacy (3.87 (77.40\%)) and vision of clinical pharmacy administration (3.71 (74.20\%)). Most of the clinical pharmacy services provided for adult, pediatric, neonate and geriatric patients was for critical care, medical services and for emergency. Most of the hospitals had no satellite services assistant the clinical pharmacy services (22 (70.97\%)). The majority of the responders agreed that clinical pharmacy services improve the safety and effectiveness of patient care (27 (93.10\%)), decreases morbidity and mortality rate (23 (79.31\%)) and increases the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s role toward patient care (20 (68.97\%)). Conclusion: The elements of clinical pharmacy administration were not adequate in the KSA. Most of the hospital services received the clinical pharmacy services not exceeding 50\%. Despite the fact that the pharmacy administration has a good record of clinical pharmacy services, there are not enough resources to provide over 24-hr service. Revision of clinical pharmacy services is highly necessary in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Administration, Clinical, Management, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.1}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} } @article {165, title = {National Survey of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia-2017-2018: Performances and Activities}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {44-49}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia from 2017- 2018 with an emphasis on performances and activities. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey regarding clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of two parts: The first part collected demographic information and the second part comprised a questionnaire with 51 questions divided into four domains. The questions were derived from the standards of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and Saudi Pharmaceutical Society (SPS) survey, the international standards of the Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation, in addition to the local standards of Saudi Center of Healthcare Accreditation. The four domains were as follows: clinical pharmacy administration and management, performances and activities, education and training and workload documentation. The responses were obtained using a 5-point Likert response scale system with close- and open-ended questions. The survey questionnaire was distributed in an electronic format to the 31 directors of pharmacies at various hospitals in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we analyzed the national survey of clinical pharmacy practice at hospitals in Saudi Arabia with regard to performances and activities. All data were obtained through the Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey questionnaire was distributed to 31 hospitals. Majority of the specifications of clinical pharmacy services provided were for concurrent and routine monitoring of drug therapy of the patients (17 (54.84\%)) and written medication history (16 (51.61\%)). Majority of the clinical services recorded was for answering drug information inquiries (74.19\%), error and adverse drug event reporting (70.97\%) and medication administration (70.97\%). Most of the pharmacy units had clinical pharmacy services for control and narcotics system (4.13 (82.60\%)), unit dose system (4.07 (81.40\%)) and adults emergency medication (3.45 (69\%)). Most of the hospital programs had clinical services existed for stewardship antimicrobial (64.52\%), medication safety (61.29\%) and medication reconciliation/history-taking (54.84\%). Most of the methods of clinical pharmacist prescribing privileges in relevant hospital programs was prescribing under physician supervision (66), followed by independent prescribing (49) and refill prescribing (20). Conclusion: The performances of clinical pharmacy services monitoring of drug therapy only; that is including medication misadventures monitoring and prevention through antibiotics, medication safetyrelated services. The clinical pharmacist had inadequate prescribing privilege under physician supervision. Targeting of upgrading the clinical pharmacy performances and privilege is higher recommended with New Saudi vision 2030 to improve patient clinical outcome and avoid any economic burden of the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Activities, Clinical, Performances, Pharmacy, Practice, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2020.6.8}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Al-Doughan and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Yasir Ahmed Ibrahim and Adel Mehmas Alragas and Norah Omar Bin Haidarah} }