Nurses’ Knowledge of Pharmacogenomics Services in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To explore the nurse’s basic knowledge of Pharmacogenomics services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing the nurses’ basic knowledge of some items for pharmacogenomics services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about the assessment of pharmacogenomics services knowledge of nurses and the resources of Pharmacogenomics used by nurses. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the nurses’ basic knowledge of some items for pharmacogenomics services is done through the Survey Monkey system. Besides, the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 396 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Of those, almost one-third responded from the central region (138 (34.85%)) and one-fifth responded from the northern region (79 (19.95%)) and southern area (79 (19.95%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Most of the respondents were from private hospitals (227 (57.32%)) and university hospitals (59 (14.90%)), with a statistically significant difference between working sites (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (251 (63.54%)) versus 144 (36.46%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). One-quarter of responders, 107 (27.02%), worked at an organization with pharmacogenomics test services or associated with a Pharmacogenomics tests site 105 (26.52%). Only 103 (26.01%) had cared for any Pharmacogenomics test, and 92 (23.29%) had a Pharmacogenomics request or reporting form at your institution or pharmacy, with statistically significant differences between all answers (p=0.000). The average score of basic knowledge of pharmacists about Pharmacogenomics services was (2.86). The element “interpret Pharmacogenomics testing” obtained the highest score (3.06). The aspect “know to make treatment recommendations based on Pharmacogenomics results” (3.02). In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for “Have you ever heard about the concept of Pharmacogenomics” (2.55). The score for the element “Have you ever had a course/ attended a workshop about Pharmacogenomics” was (2.73), and for the part “Legal provisions in the medicines act that provide for Pharmacogenomics activities” was (2.74), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). The most resources for Pharmacogenomics were the Colleagues/ other nurses 343 (86.84%), General Internet 311 (78.73%), and Saudi Food and Drug Authority 112 (28.35%) (Table 4). Conclusion: There needs to be more than just nursing knowledge of pharmacogenomics. Only a quarter of responder nurses worked with pharmacogenomics services at their healthcare facilities. The nursing knowledge required education and training plus legality provision of the pharmacogenomics services. The nursing pharmacogenomics resource was Colleagues/ other nurses. Targeting the nursing knowledge of the pharmacogenomics services foundation should be renewed thoroughly with under and post-guarded nurse staff.

Keywords: Nurses, Knowledge, Pharmacogenomics, Gene Therapy, Saudi Arabia.

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