Written by PTB Reports, 2024, 10, 1, 26-34.
DOI:10.5530/PTB.2024.10.5
Published: September 2024
Type: Research Article
Authors: Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Mohamed Soliman Imam, Ghorm Allah Abdullah Alghamdi, Fawaz Abdullah Alrakaf, Jawaher Abdulaziz Ajeebi, Sana Manzari, Rahaf Mubarak Shabab Alotaibi, Bahi Ahmed Mousa Alnaji, Khaled Abdullah Sultan Aldaajani.
Author(s) affiliations:
Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
Mohamed Soliman Imam, Bcs. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, SAUDI ARABIA. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El Khalig Square, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo, EGYPT.
Ghorm Allah Abdullah Alghamdi, MD, Family Medicine Consultant, Director, Ministry of Health Branch, Tabuk, SAUDI ARABIA.
Fawaz Abdullah Alrakaf, MD, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Tabuk, SAUDI ARABIA.
Jawaher Abdulaziz Ajeebi, Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
Sana Manzari, Pharm D, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
Rahaf Mubarak Shabab Alotaibi, Pharm D, Al-Jazea Medical Company, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
Bahi Ahmed Mousa Alnaji, Pharm D, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA.
Khaled Abdullah Sultan Aldaajani, Pharm D, Al-Dawaa Medical Services Company, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the essential practice of Pharmacogenomics by nurses in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing the essential practice of Pharmacogenomics by Saudi Arabian nurses. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about the crucial practice of Pharmacogenomics services by the nurses at the institution and the responsibility of Pharmacogenomics service. The availability of pharmacogenomics services at the institution, the nurses’ requests for any tests, and the number of daily pharmacogenomics tests observed/suspected. Besides, most medications requested Pharmacogenomics tests. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 were done with the study. The data analysis was done using the Survey Monkey system. Besides, the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 396 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Of those, almost one-third responded from the central region (138 (34.85%)), and one-fifth responded from the northern region (79 (19.95%)) and southern area (79 (19.95%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Most of the respondents were from private hospitals (227 (57.32%)) and university hospitals (59 (14.90%)), with a statistically significant difference between working sites (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (251 (63.54%)) versus 144 (36.46%), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). One-quarter of responders, 107 (27.02%), worked at an organization with pharmacogenomics test services or associated with a Pharmacogenomics tests site 105 (26.52%). Only 103 (26.01%) had cared for any Pharmacogenomics test, and 92 (23.29%) had a Pharmacogenomics request or reporting form at your institution or pharmacy, with statistically significant differences between all answers (p=0.000). The total number of pharmacogenomics test requests was (751) daily, with an average number (of 2.2) per hospital. Most medications had been requested for pharmacogenomics test were Anti-HIV medication 323 (81.98%), Antineoplastic medications 252 (63.96%), Anti-seizure 125 (31.73%), and Anti-Depressant 112 (28.43%). The average score of practice items for Pharmacogenomics at the institution was (1.84). The “Mission of Pharmacogenomics system” obtained the highest score (1.87). The element “The strategic plan of Pharmacogenomics services: was (1.83). In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for “Pharmacogenomics services in the pharmacy” (1.82). The score for the element “The annual plan of Pharmacogenomics services” was (1.83), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). Conclusion: The nursing practice of pharmacogenomics services could have been better despite the availability of one-quarter of healthcare organizations. The medications used for pharmacogenomics services were anti-HIV and Antineoplastic medications. The pharmacogenomics practice was the pharmaceutical department. The nursing practice standardization of pharmacogenomics is warranted with the cooperation of pharmaceutical care services.
Keywords: Nurses, Practice, Pharmacogenomics, Gene Therapy, Saudi Arabia.