Written by PTB Reports, 2024, 10, 1, 38-49.
DOI: 10.5530/PTB.2024.10.7
Published: September 2024
Type: Research Article
Authors: Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Mohamed Soliman Imam, Abeer Atawai, Maram Ati Almohammdi, Abeer Hussain Almasoudi, Shaimaa O Ahmadeen, Mohammad Abdullah Alghamdi, Atheer Fahad Al-Aqile.
Author(s) affiliations:
Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical Care Clinical Nurses, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
Mohamed Soliman Imam, Bcs. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, SAUDI ARABIA. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El Khalig Square, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo 11796, EGYPT.
Abeer Atawai, Ph.D, Faculty of Nursing, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAUDI ARABIA.
Maram Ati Almohammdi, MD, Family Medicine Consultant, Ministry of Health Branch, Tabuk, SAUDI ARABIA.
Abeer Hussain Almasoudi, Bsc. Pharm, BCPS, Investment Planning Department, Ministry of Health Branch, Tabuk, SAUDI ARABIA.
Shaimaa O Ahmadeen, Bsc. Pharm, Mcs. Pharm, Scientific Evaluation Expert, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
Mohammad Abdullah Alghamdi, Bsc. Pharm, Mcs. Pharm, Health Care Quality Management Professional Diploma (HCQM), Pharmacy Quality Department, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Madina Al Monwarah, SAUDI ARABIA.
Atheer Fahad Al-Aqile, Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.
Abstract
Objectives: To demonstrate the Perception of Nurses about Pharmacokinetics Services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing Nurses’ Perceptions of pharmacokinetics services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about nurses, nurses’ perceptions of nurses about Pharmacokinetics, and barriers, which factors may discourage you from implementing Pharmacokinetics and medications’ pharmacokinetics responsibility. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis was done using the Survey Monkey system. Besides, the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 408 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Of them, almost two-thirds responded from the central region (140 (34.31%)) and southern areas (119 (29.17%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Most of the responders were from Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals (267 (65.44%)), with a statistically significant difference between working sites (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (210 (52.24%)) versus 192 (47.76%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (227 (55.91%)) and 46-55 years (99 (24.38%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The average score of reasons perceived by Nurses about Pharmacokinetics demand and need to request drug levels was (4.12). The element “to measure the incidence of adverse drug reactions or toxicity.” obtained the highest score (4.47). The aspect “To enable safe drugs to be identified” was (4.17), and the element “improve patient quality of life” was (4.17). In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for the component “identify previously unrecognized adverse drug reactions or toxicity ” (4.00). The score for the element “Identify factors that might predispose to an adverse drug reaction or toxicity” was (4.02), and the statement “To provide cost-effective drug levels” was (4.02) with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). The most staff responsible for Pharmacokinetics services or therapeutic drug monitoring were clinical pharmacists (4.80), followed by Doctors (4.74) and pharmacists (4.64), more than nurses (3.90) or pharmacy technicians (3.36) and lab technicians (2.77), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.001). Conclusion: The nursing perception of pharmacokinetics services shows a demand for better implementation and standardization. More clinical pharmacist involvement in therapeutic drug monitoring is noted compared to other healthcare providers.
Keywords: Nurses, Perception, Pharmacokinetics, Drug level, Saudi Arabia.